Artificial intelligence and computational engineering in armed conflicts: challenges and opportunities for international humanitarian law
Abstract
The development of artificial intelligence and computational engineering has significantly transformed the conduct of contemporary armed conflicts by introducing systems with increasing levels of autonomy into functions traditionally reserved for human judgment. This technological evolution raises major legal and ethical challenges for International Humanitarian Law, particularly regarding the application of the principles of distinction, proportionality, humanity, and responsibility. This article analyzes the main challenges and opportunities that the use of artificial intelligence poses for International Humanitarian Law through an examination of the existing international legal framework and its regulatory gaps. The research adopts a qualitative approach based on documentary and legal analysis of international treaties, resolutions issued by multilateral organizations, and specialized academic literature. The findings reveal the absence of specific and binding legal instruments regulating the use of autonomous weapons systems, as well as significant difficulties related to the attribution of international responsibility and the assurance of meaningful human control.
Keywords
inteligencia artificial, conflictos armados, derecho internacional humanitario, armas autónomas, responsabilidad internacional
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